Usually, when we think of gold, we think of a warm yellow color. But the Nahuange, who lived in northern Colombia during the first millenium CE, intentionally treated gold jewelry so that it looked pinkish orange. A recent study analyzed 44 Nahuange artifacts from the Museum of Gold in Colombia, and found that they were made from tumbaga, a gold alloy which contains a substantial percentage of copper. They were also all “depletion gilded” which means copper was removed from the surface through hammering, a heating and cooling process, or both. The result was a golden shine on the outside which hid the metal’s true high-copper content.
That gilding was later removed, on purpose, to bring the copper’s pinkish tones out. So initially, the jewelry makers desired golden objects, but at some later point, it was preferable to have pinkish-orange jewelry.
~ Bull’s head ornament for a lyre.
Period: Early Dynastic III
Date: ca. 2600–2350 B.C.
Place of origin: Mesopotamia
Culture: Sumerian
Medium: Bronze, inlaid with shell and lapis lazuli.